Almighty Allah declared: And We gave Moses the Scripture and
made it a guidance for the children of Israel (saying): "Take not other than me
as your Wakil (Protector, Lord, or Disposer of your affairs, etc). O offspring
of those whom We carried in the ship with Noah! Verily, he was a grateful
slave."
And We decreed for the children of Israel in the Scripture, that
indeed you would do mischief of the earth twice and you will become tyrants and
extremely arrogant! So, when the promise came for the first of the two, We sent
against you slaves of Yours given to terrible warfare. They entered the very
innermost parts of your homes. And it was a promise completely fulfilled. Then
We gave you once again, a return of victory over them. And We helped you with
wealth and children and made you more numerous in manpower.
And We said: "If you do good, you do good for yourselves, and if
you do evil (you do it) against yourselves."
Then, when the second promise came to pass, (We permitted your
enemies) to make your faces sorrowful and to enter the mosque (of Jerusalem) as
they had entered it before, and to destroy with utter destruction that fell in
their hands.
(And We said in the Torah): "It may be that your Lord may show
mercy unto you, but if you return to sins, We shall return to Our Punishment.
And We have made Hell a prison for the disbeliveers." (Ch 17:2-8 Quran).
Wahb Ibn Munbah reported that when sin increased, Allah revealed
to an Israelite prophet called Amos (Mamia) (pbuh) that he should stand before
his people and admonish them that they are hard-headed, blind, and deaf and tell
them: "I (Allah) remember their forefathers, and that makes Me merciful with
them. And ask them about My bounty: can any of them benefit from disobeying Me?
And does any suffer who obeys Me? The beasts remember their countries and return
to them, but those people have forgotten why I have favored them for the sake of
their forefathers, and have misused their generosity. Your cries have forgotten
My tenets and your reciters worship other than Me, and your women have not
learned a useful lesson and their rulers have lied against me and My messengers.
Their hearts and mouths are full of lies. And I swear by My majesty and power
that I will send upon them people with strange tongues, and strange faces,
merciless in the face of their tears; and I shall send them a tyrannous cruel
king, with an army like clouds, and followers like storms, and their flags like
the wings of eagles, and the paces of their hoses like the decades of a journey.
They will return buildings to dust, and leave the villages a wilderness. Woe
betide it and its inhabitants if they shout and invoke! I will not look at their
faces."
Ibn Asaker has related the same in these words: Ishaaq Ibn Bishr
said that Idris told them that Wahb Ibn Munbah said that Allah the Exalted sent
Jeremiah to the children of Israel when the situation had become worse among
them - in disobedience, killing of prophets and covetousness. Allah was
determined to revenge Himself upon them vindictively; and so He revealed to
Jeremiah: "I am going to destroy Jerusalem (the children of Israel) irevenge. Go
to the Dome of the Rock. I will give you My commands and revelations." Jeremiah
stood up and rent his clothes, and applied ashes to his face and fell prostrate
and said: "O Lord! Would that my mother had not borne me, when You made me the
last prophet of Israel, and Jerusalem be destroyed in my time." Allah said:
"Raise your head." He raised his head, wept, and said: "O my Lord! Whom will You
set against them?" He said: "The worshippers of fire who do not fear My
punishment, nor expect My reward. Stand up Jeremiah, and hear the news about
Israel. Before I chose you, I had made you and favored you and honored you. Go
with the king and guide and protect him." (He was with the king while he was
receiving revelation from Allah, and they forgot how Allah saved them.) "Go and
tell them what I have told you." "O Allah! I am weak and if You do not
strengthen me." "Do you not know that all affairs are controlled by Me? I am
Allah without semblance, or any like Me. I spoke to the oceans so; I am with
you, and nothing shall harm you. Go to your people and tell them: Allah has
remembered you, with His remembrance of our forefathers' good deeds. The animals
remember their countries and return to them. But those people of yours are
drenched in destruction and damnation, for they have forgotten the purpose of My
generosity to their forefathers and have misplaced My favors. The scholars and
priests have gone astray and have worshipped another god besides Me. "As for
their kings and princes, they have been lavished with My bounty and though
themselves safe from My fate. They abandon My Book and kill My prophets. Is it
possible for Me to have a partner? Is it possible for Me to make a creature to
be worshipped and to be obeyed besides Me? As for their reciters and jurists,
they teach and learn what they like. As for the children of the prophets, they
are oppressed and seduced and go with the crowd. They want the positions of
their fathers without the discipline, patience, piety, and kindness of their
fathers.
"By my power, I swear, that I shall send woe upon them that no
wise man can understand. I shall replace their luxury with ordeal, chains, and
fetters and after dwelling in palaces, they will dwell in dust. I will disgrace
and degrade their womenfolk. I create My creatures and slaves with mercy and
bounty. If they accept and recognize it, I complete My favors and mercy. When I
change My mind, I change My mind; and if I change, I am angry; and if I am
angry, I punish, and nothing prospers with My anger."
According to Ka'b, Jeremiah said: "By your grace I have come to
learn before You; how is it possible when I am weak and powerless, to speak
before You? But by Your mercy You have spared me to this day. None fears this
punishment more than I do, because I have been among them while they disobeyed
You, yet without it changing me. If You punish me, I deserve it, and if You
spare me, I expect it of Your kindness. O Lord, You are Overlord! Are you going
to destroy their country when it is the place of Your prophets the place of Your
revelations? O Lord the Exalted and Blessed by Your Name! For You to destroy
this mosque and all pertaining to it, and those houses which landed Your praise!
O Lord, for You to kill these people and punish them, when they are the issue of
Abraham Your faithful friend and David Your chosen one! O lord, which village
will escape Your punishment then? Which worshipper will escape Your vengeance
after the children of Your faithful friend Abraham?"
He on High said: "He who disobeys Me will not detest My
punishment. I had honored them because they obeyed Me. If they disobeyed me I
will place them among the disobedient, until I rescue them out of My Mercy."
Jeremiah said: "O Lord, You made friends with Abraham and for
his sake You preserved us; and Moses You did save; and he asked You to save us
and not abandon us, nor throw us to the enemy." And so Allah revealed to him: "O
Jeremiah, I made you honored in your mother's womb and have chosen you to this
day. If your people had protected the orphans, the widows, the helpless, and the
stranded, I would have been their Sustainer. They would have been like a
blissful garden to Me; but I complain of the children of Israel to you. I have
been the kind shepherd to them; but I honor only those who honor and despise
those who despise My command. Those before them feared Me, but these people
displayed their obedience of Me in the temple, market place, hill and mountain
tops, and under the shade of trees until the heavens wondered at them before Me,
and the earth and the mountains, including the beasts, wondered and wailed. All
that had no effect on them; nor was the Book useful to them."
Ka'b said that when Jeremiah delivered the message of his Lord,
and the people heard the threats and warnings in it, they said: "You are lying,
if you are saying that Allah shall destroy the land, His temple, His Book, His
worship, and monotheism." They captured Jeremiah, tied him up and imprisoned
him. At this, Allah sent Nabuchadnezzar upon them. He entered the country with
his troops and surrounded the city. When the siege was prolonged they
surrendered to his rule. They opened the gates and Nabuchadnezzar's troops
streamed in.
He ruled them savagely and punished them cruelly. He killed a
third of them, captured a third, and spared the lame and the old; then h
trampled upon them with the horses, demolished their houses, drew the youth
along, and stood the women in the market places as guards. He intimidated the
troops and destroyed the castles and temples. He burned the Torah. He asked
about Daniel, the prophet who had written to him, but he was dead. His family
took out the letter which he had written to him. Among the family members were
Daniel the youngest son of Ezekiel, Azariah, and Mishael. He left that letter
for them. The younger Daniel succeeded the elder Daniel. Nabuchadnezzar entered
Jerusalem with his troops, then marched to Syria. He killed the children of
Israel until he almost exterminated them. He returned to Babylon with booty in
the form of treasure and men, among them young princes and children of priests
numbering seventy thousand.
Ibn Ishaaq Ibn Bishr reported that Wahb bin Munbah stated that
after Nabuchadnezzar had destroyed Jerusalem, he was told that the Israelites
had a man who used to predict what had befallen them, describing the king and
his actions, foretelling that he would slay their warriors, capture their
children, destroy the temple, and burn their Torah. They had said he was lying,
and so they had tied him and kept him in prison. Nabuchadnezzar ordered that he
be brought out from prison. Jeremiah was released and the king said to him: "Did
you warn those people against what has happened to them?" Jeremiah affirmed it
and the king said: "I knew that." Jeremiah stated: "Allah sent me to them and
they accused me of lying." He asked: "Did they beat you and imprison you?" He
replied: "Yes." The king said: "What a wicked race, to deny their prophet and
their Lord's message! So would you like to join me, for me to honor you and make
you free? And if you want to remain in your country, I grant you that." Jeremiah
replied: "I am still in the security of Allah when I did not go away from the
country at all. If the Israelites did not go out of it, they would not fear you,
nor any other, nor would you have authority over them." When Nabuchadnezzar
heard this, he let him alone, and so Jeremiah went to live in his place in Elia
(Elat).
According to Hisham Ibn al-Kalbi, Nabuchadnezzar marched on
Jerusalem, its king who was a descendant of David, who had built Jerusalem for
the Israelites - made peace with him. Nabuchadnezzar took hostages and departed.
When he had gone as far as Thahria, he learned that the Israelites had risen
against their king and killed him because he had made peace with him. So,
Nabuchadnezzar beheaded all the hostages that were with him. He returned to the
Israelites and invaded the city, killing the warriors and capturing their
families.
When he had found Jeremiah in prison and released him, Jeremiah
told him his story and his warnings concerning him. Nabuchadnezzar said: "What a
wicked people, that disobey the prophet of Allah!" He set him free and honored
him. Jeremiah gathered around him the remaining weak souls of Israel. He said to
them: "Woe to us! We have disobeyed Allah. We must repent to Allah, Great and
Majestic, for what we have done, and I shall pray to Allah to accept our
repentance." He prayed so, and Allah revealed to him that He would not accept
it: "If they are sincere, they must stay with you in this country (or town)." He
told them what Allah had revealed. They said: "How can we stay in this town when
it has been devastated and Allah is angry with its people?" So they refused to
stay.
Ibn al-Kalbi said that since that time, the children of Israel
were dispersed the world over. Some of them went to the Hijaz, Taif and Medina,
and others settled in Wadi al Qura. Some went to Egypt, and Nabuchadnezzar wrote
to its king, demanding those who had escaped thither, but he refused. So
Nabuchadnezzar mounted his army and fought him. He defeated him and captured
their children. Then he marched to the extreme of Morocco. He returned from
Morocco, Egypt, Jerusalem, Palestine, and Jordan with many captives, and among
them was Daniel.
Ibn al-Kalbi said that it appears that it was Daniel, the
youngest son of Ezekiel, and not the elder Daniel, according to Ibn Munbah.
Allah knows best.
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